分享holder Agreements In Succession Planning
假设您与一位亲密朋友拥有一家成功的公司,该公司的配偶也参与了业务。尽管您与朋友的配偶有体面的工作关系,但他或她从未表现出做出合理业务决策的能力。您可以想象,如果您的朋友死亡,如果您的朋友的股票所有权转移给了他或她的配偶,可能会发生什么。您是否有可能成功地继续与新的50%合作伙伴一起经营业务?
现在,假设您对紧密的制造业务拥有少数股权。您对该业务的兴趣的价值非常重要,您依靠该价值来最终为您的退休提供资金并为您的继承人提供继承权。由于该公司的股票没有公开交易,如果您退休后没有人购买您的股票,会发生什么?还要考虑一下,如果您收到要约以低于您认为价值的价格,您的退休和遗产计划可能会发生什么。
这些情况随频率而发生。但是,有一种相对简单的补救措施:股东协议。
分享holder agreements, also known as buy-sell agreements, are contracts drawn by legal counsel that establish a procedure for buying out an ownership interest in a closely held business, triggered by a specific event. The events that are typically considered when designing shareholder agreements are death, retirement or disability of a shareholder.
股东协议在正确设计和实施后,以多种方式使企业和股东受益。由于密切拥有的企业没有公开交易,因此股东协议为持有的股票创造了保证的市场。还建立了估值方法或每股价值。此外,股东协议对企业处置有必要确定性,消除所有权的风险,也许最重要的是,为股票所有权创造蓝图,避免在通常在非常混乱的情况下对业务的管理严重破坏时期。
分享holder agreements can be structured in several ways:
- 股票赎回协议:企业与个人所有者之间的协议。
- 交叉购买协议:个人所有者之间的协议。
- 第三方收购协议:个人所有者与关键外部个人之间的协议。
- 混合协议:上述结合。
Key to any of these types of agreements is the stock buyout price. However, that price is often difficult to determine. There are five options from which to choose, and each has its advantages and disadvantages:
- 每股固定价格
- 每股账面价值
- Capitalization of earnings
- 结合账面价值与收入资本化
- 评价
If a fixed price dollar value per share is used, the established price may become quickly outdated. A mechanism should exist to use an alternative valuation method if the agreed price is not current.
根据财务会计记录确定的每股账面价值也可能并不令人满意,因为它可能无法考虑到可关注的价值和资产赞赏。可以通过隔离可以单独重视的项目来调整每股账面价值。
收入方法的资本化在指定的时间段内平均收益,然后应用预期投资回报率建立的乘数。如果使用此方法,请考虑该业务可能没有连续的“正常”年。还要考虑大写方法的三个因素:计算收入的期限;适当的资本化率;以及“收入”的定义。
如果使用评估方法,请考虑确定独立评估师的机制,确定谁应该参加选举过程,并决定应进行评估的频率。还要考虑应应用于确定实体或特定资产的价值的特定评估技术。如果该协议要求使用多个评估师,请确定如何解决价值争议。评估方法通常是更昂贵的选择,并且在起草协议之前,应确定谁承担评估费用。
Regardless of the valuation method used, the stock buyout is typically self-funded by the corporation or individuals, or may be funded with insurance proceeds.
For any business, a change in ownership is inevitable. A well-constructed shareholder agreement can limit the disruption that accompanies such a change, helping the business, its customers and employees adapt.
Reprinted with permission from The Family Business Report sponsored by the Goering Center at the University of Cincinnati College of Business Administration.